Abstract: In order to explore the impact of role stressors on miners’ unsafe behavior, the emotional exhaustion was introduced as a mediator variable, based on 289 questionnaires data of four coal mining enterprises, the structural equation model and Bootstrap method were used to test the theoretical hypothesis of the relationship between role stressors and miners’ unsafe behavior. The results show that role conflict, role ambiguity and role overload were significantly positive influence on miners’ emotional exhaustion and unsafe behavior, emotional exhaustion plays a mediating role between role stressors and unsafe behavior, fully mediates between role conflict and unsafe behavior, and partially mediates between role ambiguity, role overload and unsafe behavior.