Abstract: With the gradual increase of coal mining intensity, the production system is more prone to instability, and the occurrence probability and severity of five major coal mine disasters increase gradually. The effect of coal mine disaster control largely depends on all kinds of disaster control materials. The complex physical and chemical interaction between disaster medium and material determines whether the effect can be fully played. On the basis of long-term research on bentonite-based materials, this paper combined with some outstanding properties to solve some technical problems in coal mine disaster prevention and control, and introduced four core interface modification methods, namely, mechanical-chemical modification method, organic activation-inorganic salt modification method, composite coupling agent-surface dispersion method and composite polymer melting intercalation method. A series of disaster prevention materials suitable for different scenarios were developed by directional strengthening modification of bentonite base materials.