Abstract: Coal is a kind of important energy resources, the areas (for example, Erdos city) where the coal are rich provide a strong support for the country's economic construction. But, the coal mining causes very serious ecological destruction and environment pollution, which has become an important factor in hindering local economic and social sustainable development. The paper discusses the necessity and urgency of implementing coal mining ecological compensation mechanism, analyzes existing flaws of the mechanism of coal mining ecological compensation, and puts forward the basic thought of the coal mining mechanism for ecological compensation.