Abstract: For mining and geological conditions in a mine, based on the similarity theory, the study used similar material simulation experiment to reveal mechanized caving stope wall rock failure height and forms, the variation laws of floor abutment pressure, key stratum breaking characteristics, the evolution process of overlying strata structure, the paper analyzed the key stratum overlying load and types, overlying strata structure evolution laws, and revealed the structure of the overlying strata destruction and instability induced by rockburst. Combining with the actual situation of the scene, the paper proposed some effective measures to control mine rockburst.