Abstract: The optical contact angle measuring instrument is used to measure the wetting contact angle of the deionized water and the aqueous solution added calcium chloride, water glass, sodium succinate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, twelve sulfonic sodium sulfate as surfactant of different fine coal. Using infrared spectroscopy, the chemical structure of coal dust surface especially oxygen-containing functional groups were measured, and the influence of the surfactant of the particles surface on wetting properties were analyzed. At the same time, by doing industrial analysis of different kinds of fine coal dust, the coupling relationship between the coal dust wettability and coal quality parameters and surface oxygen containing functional groups was set up. The study found that fixed carbon content of coal dust, carbonyl group and free OH groups of surface oxygen containing functional groups have remarkable influence on the coal dust wettability.