Abstract: On the basis of the analysis of characteristics and evolution of geological structure in Jinhuangzhuang Coal Mine, the mechanism of structural control on mine water and gas was discussed. The research reveals that the geological structure, formed during the Indosinian movement, Yanshan movement and Himalaya movement, is composed of arcuate folds and thrust faults that are superposed and transformed by later NE and NNE trending normal faults. It has the characteristics of tectonic superposition, step faults, E-W differentiation and N-S classification; the hydrogeological boundary, recharge, runoff and discharge of groundwater are controlled by geological structure, and gas occurrence is under the control of geological structure and hydrodynamic field.