Abstract: According to the actual situation that mining roadway in Yangquan Coal Group No.5 Mine uses 10 m pillar to carry out full-mechanized caving mining for the first time, selecting 8407 working face of return airway as research object, contrast test was carried out with engineering measures of local grouting reinforcement, plugging and spraying for coal pillar. Through the theoretical analysis of rupture structure characteristics of overlying rock of protective coal pillar, FLAC^3D software is used to simulate the inner stress distribution features under different conditions; field measurement is used to carry out real-time monitoring on the adaptability of coal pillar, and its adaptability is analyzed. Research and practice shows that through a series of surrounding rock control technology measures and standardization of production organization and management technology, the protective coal pillar with 10 m can completely meet the requirement of production.