Abstract: The propagation of blasting seismic wave is influenced by many factors, and the theoretical relationship between seismic wave attenuation and frequency spectrum is derived based on the energy condition of blasting seismic wave. Based on wavelet packet analysis method, the seismic waves in a surface coal mine are decomposed and reconstructed, and the attenuation laws of seismic waves in different frequency bands is analyzed. The results show that the attenuation of blasting seismic wave is proportional to the vibration frequency, and the ratio of low frequency band energy to total energy increases with the increase of propagation distance.