Abstract: Near-miss incidents in coal mine gas explosion were taken as research object, influence factors were summarized by the literature review and field interviews, the accuracy of these factors was verified by questionnaire. Then, the interpretative structural model was used to analyze influence factors, and the causal mechanism was clarified about near-miss incidents of coal mine gas explosion. The results showed that influence factors of near-miss incidents were divided into four two-level indexes and twenty three-level indexes; through the interaction relationship of different levels, twenty three-level indexes impacted near-miss incidents of coal mine gas explosion, six factors of surface factors were the direct cause of near-miss incidents, eleven factors of mid-level factors were the indirect cause, and three factors of deep factors were the root cause.