Abstract: In this paper, taking a mining area as an example, choosing the typical deformation zones in the subsidence area, the back-fill foundation, raft foundation and frame structure were designed; on this basis, the effect of surface residual deformation on foundation and frame structure are systematically simulated. The concentration regions and distribution characteristics of stress and strain of building structure are studied. We conduct safety assessment for the stress state and deformation, explore the influence of different regions, and find the minimum impact location on building safety and the optimum parameters of building structure.