Abstract: Based on the modern accident causation theory, combining with rescue characteristics of mine thermodynamic disasters, the preliminary evaluation index system for the safety degree of mine thermodynamic disasters rescue was established, which through adopting the analysis method of “human - machine - environment - management” system. This evaluation index system consists of 14 categories and 50 influence factors. After that, the optimized evaluation index system with 6 first level indicators and 20 secondary level indicators were obtained through using the method of Delphi and AHP. Finally, based on the proposed method of evaluation index pretreatment, quantification and index weight assignment, the optimized evaluation indexes are processed. The safety evaluation index system of mine thermodynamic disaster rescue was obtained.