Abstract: In order to deeply analyze the causes of coal mine safety accidents, to explore the mechanism of coal mine accidents, to prevent and reduce the occurrence of coal accidents, based on the qualitative analysis method of grounded theory, 67 coal mine accident investigation reports were analyzed by Nvivo qualitative analysis software. Finally, the unbalance of government and other intervenors, defects of enterprise management, unsafe act of staff and unsafety state of things three levels of causes are proposed, and the causation model of the accident is constructed. The results show that the main causes of different types of accidents are different. From the aspects of social intervention and technical control, it is possible to improve the safety management level of coal mines by taking targeted measures for the causes of accidents at different levels.