Abstract: The hydraulic fracturing technology is mainly used in the control of the surrounding rock of the coal mine roadway, which is weakened by the hard roof. In this paper, according to the basic characteristics of the roof rock formation in the Shendong Bulianta Coal Mine, the strength is not high and the integrity is good. As a hydraulic fracturing test point, the effect of fracturing on the weakening of the roof rock formation and the initial caving is studied. Based on the hollow body strain measurement technology, the internal stress state of the roof above the hydraulic fracturing face was monitored in real time, and the variation law of the roof pressure above the hydraulic fracturing face was revealed. The field monitoring shows that the hydraulic fracturing method reduces the pressure of the roof and the influence of the advance pressure of the working face. The results show that the hydraulic fracturing can make it timely caving by several times, and its hierarchical characteristics reduce the impact on the face and ensure the safe mining of the working face, which is an effective and feasible initial caving technique of working face.