Abstract: The paper takes high pumping roadway of TBM excavated mining face in Zhangji Coal Mine as study case, we use distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on BOTDR (Brillouin Optical Timedomain Reflectometer) to monitor the deformation and disturbance characteristics of surrounding rock under TBM tunneling. The distributed sensing fiber is installed in the front and side construction of the test roadway and the sensor fiber is installed to coordinate the deformation of the surrounding rock. In the process of TBM tunneling, we obtained disturbance characteristics of surrounding rock caused by TBM tunneling through monitoring and analyzing the strain distribution characteristics of the fiber and its dynamic change process. The influence range of the rock disturbance in front of the palm surface is 5 m to 7 m. The compressive strain appeared within the depth of 4 m to 12 m of the surrounding rock, and strain was found within the depth of 12 m to 18 m of surrounding rock. There is no obvious widespread damage to the surrounding rock. Compared with the traditional drilling blasting method, the construction of the coal mine tunnel TBM method is more efficient and has fewer disturbances to surrounding rock.