Abstract: In order to determine the effect of ground temperature and alkaline conditions on the spontaneous combustion of coal in Hulusu and Menkeqing coal mines, the thermogravimetric curves of coal samples under certain temperature and alkalinity conditions were analyzed by thermogravimetry experiment, and the influence on coal spontaneous combustion was studied. The results show that the ground temperature in Hulusu and Menkeqing coal mines has no effect on the characteristic temperature point and the weight loss of coal in oxidation combustion process, but it has a certain influence on the calorific value accumulated in water and weight loss stage of coal spontaneous combustion; the coal sample from Hulusu Coal Mine can promote the spontaneous combustion of coal to some extent under alkaline conditions, but it has little influence, just need to strengthen normal fire prevention work; however, the alkaline water of Menkeqing Coal Mine has a great influence on the coal spontaneous combustion, which can be used to inhibit coal oxidation and spontaneous combustion by spraying alkaline water.