Abstract: In order to improve coal mine safety management, taking three variables, such as safety consciousness, risk perception and safety attitude, as intermediary function, a structural equation model for the relationship between miner’s self-efficacy and unsafe behavior was built. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 120 miners in Wangzhuang Coal Mine. The effect of self-efficacy on unsafe behavior was explored by using AMOS7.0 software. It is found that self-efficacy is significantly positive interrelated with safety consciousness, risk perception and safety attitude; safety consciousness, risk perception and safety attitude are significantly negative correlation with unsafe behavior; safety awareness, risk perception and safety attitude are the mediator variables of self-efficacy and unsafe behavior; emotion plays a moderating role in self-efficacy and safety consciousness, risk perception and safety attitude.