Abstract: Take the mining face of a mine as the engineering background, the vertical stress in front of the working face, the vertical stress distribution of the mining roadway and the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of the mining roadway under different mining speed were studied by mechanical analysis and numerical simulation. The research shows that when the mining speed is high, the supporting stress in the coal in front of the working face is relatively large, the influence range is relatively small, and the deformation of the surrounding rock in the mining roadway is small; when the mining speed is slow, the supporting stress in the coal ahead of the working face is relatively small, the scope of influence is relatively large, and the deformation of surrounding rock in the mining roadway is relatively large. The study shows that choosing the appropriate mining speed can improve the stability of the mining roadway and reduce the deformation of the surrounding rock. It can also reduce the pressure in the coal body ahead of the working face and ensure the safety of the working face.