Abstract: In this paper, the overall structure of the underground wireless location system is designed, the hardware design of base station is given, and ultra wide band communication technology is adopted to realize the wireless communication between positioning base stations and between base stations and positioning tags. SDS-TWR ranging algorithm is applied to realize real-time acquisition of location information of downhole positioning label to ensure positioning accuracy. Based on IEEE 802.15.4 communication standard, the wireless transmission system adopts point-to-point cluster tree structure to realize the safe and stable ground transmission of positioning data.