Abstract: We collected and sorted out the extra serious accidents of coal mines from 1950 to 2016, carried out classified statistics from the perspectives of time, region, economic type and accident type, and analyzed and discussed accident types on the basis of influencing factors of major accidents. Statistics shows that a total of 294 major coal mine accidents occurred in China and killing 16,223 people from 1950 to 2016. From 1958 to 1962, 1973 to 1981, 1985 to 2010, and May, November and December were the historical periods and months for the occurrence of major accidents. A total of 108 major coal mine accidents occurred in Shanxi, Henan and Heilongjiang provinces from 1950 to 2016, and the numbers of the extra serious accidents and deaths in state-owned mines was obviously higher than that of other ownership mines, accounting for about 65%. Gas (coal dust) explosions were up to 7 times more than other types of accidents, which is the absolute subject of accidents. In addition, production and safety investment are positively and negatively correlated with the incidence of major accidents respectively, and the characteristics of hazard sources play a decisive role in the occurrence of extra serious accidents.