Abstract: In order to scientifically prevent and control the occurrence of gas hazards in coal mines, it is necessary to clarify the influencing factors of gas hazards in order to adopt appropriate control strategies. Using the research methods of grounded theory, 16 main categories, such as equipment quality technology and enterprise technology management, are obtained through open decoding, spindle decoding, selective decoding and theoretical saturation test on literature research, in-depth interviews and case studies, which are divided into four core areas of safety management system, overall quality of staff, operating equipment, work space environment, finally, an index system of influencing factors of gas near misses containing 16 main categories with 2 main factors and 4 core categories is constructed. According to the system, we propose the measures to improve the quality of workers, and establish PDCA cycle management system and other measures to reduce the occurrence of gas near misses.