Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the exploitation of coalbed methane in China is influenced by many complex drilling engineering factors, the key drilling engineering factor identification model is constructed and analyzed. Firstly, the original influencing factors index of drilling engineering of coalbed methane exploitation are constructed from four aspects: coal-well condition, process technology, drilling equipment, material and personnel quality, and the rough set theory is used to eliminate the index with repetitive information, the combination method of interval gray number theory and DEMATEL model is used to calculate the center degree and cause degree of each influence index, then the key influence factors of drilling engineering are analyzed and screened.