Abstract: Unsafe behavior of miners is a major hidden danger in coal mine safety management. In order to fundamentally realize the control and management of unsafe behavior of miners, this paper takes a coal mine as the research object, from the perspective of vulnerability, through ABC behavior analysis method, divides the factors that lead to the vulnerability of safety behavior of miners into nine aspects. The ISM model of miners’ safety behavior vulnerability is constructed by ISM analysis method, which can intuitively reflect the relationship between the factors of miners’ safety behavior vulnerability. The results show that the fundamental cause of the vulnerability of the safety behavior of a coal miner is the imperfection of the safety management system and the low attention of the leaders, and five targeted opinions are proposed. The study provides effective countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainability optimization of coal mine safety behavior management.