Abstract: The pressure of the steep roof is complicated, and the steep coal seam is strongly extruded by the tectonic movement in the process of formation. The soft surface of the joints and cracks in the coal seam and its top and floor is more developed, and it is easy to lose stability and collapse. Take 3402 working face of Chenmanzhuang Coal Mine as the object, the roof hole observation, the theoretical analysis of the roof mechanics model and the numerical simulation are carried out to further analyze the stability of the face roof of the steep coal seam, and the results show that the steep inclined coal is a steep coal seam. The roof of the working face is relatively broken, which easily causes the roof falling accident and affects the supporting capacity of the hydraulic support, and then causes the frequent coal wall caving and the safety accidents. The stress concentration degree still increases with the increase of the advancing distance of the working face because of the insufficient filling. The failure degree of the top plate of the steep coal seam is serious, and the physical model of the face roof of the steep inclined coal seam is established. Through the establishment of the physical model of the stope of the steep seam, the initial pressure step L of the top plate is calculated by the theoretical formula, and the maximum tensile stress is compared with the tensile strength of the roof rock, and the roof breakage of the steep seam is obtained.