Abstract: The influencing factors of occupational diseases are not only random and fuzzy, but also uncertain due to the lack of information. Traditional analysis methods are unable to take both into account, and the unascertainment measurement theory can well solve this problem. Based on the current situation, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of occupational disease risk in coal mine, establishes the specific weight of relevant influencing factors by using the analytic hierarchy process, and studies and proposes the evaluation model of occupational disease risk in coal mine based on the unascertained measurement theory. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model, the application of the model is carried out in a practical project. The results of the evaluation model are consistent with the reality, which proves that the model is feasible and effective.