Abstract: Aiming at the problem of large heat transfer and instability of deep underground rock, this paper combines the basic principle of heat transfer of surrounding rock and adopts the method of “simulating tunnel ventilation system + surrounding rock temperature simulation test system + data acquisition system” to realize the design of the heat transfer simulation roadway test system; the composition, working principle and hardware and software related to the test system of the surrounding rock heat transfer test system are introduced in detail, and the simulation of different surrounding rock temperatures and different air volumes is verified by multiple sets of tests. The temperature change characteristics of the inlet and outlet of the roadway are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to analyze the heat transfer mechanism of the surrounding rock, which provides technical support for down-hole ventilation and cooling.