Abstract: In view of the limitations of the existing data transmission modes of underground measurement while drilling in coal mines, this paper proposes the technology of using sound wave propagated in the drill pipe to realize data acoustic transmission in the drill pipe, so as to make up for the shortcomings of the existing data transmission modes. The attenuation and adaptive frequency of the signal in the drill string are verified by mathematical analysis and test of the propagation characteristics of sound wave in the drill string; the acoustic signal source which meets the working condition of underground coal mine is designed through the research of transducer; the communication effect of sound wave transmitting data in the drill string is verified by data transmission test while drilling, and the number of measurements while drilling in underground coal mine proved the feasibility of acoustic transmission.