Abstract: Through tracing back the origin of beam tube monitoring system, the development and application of beam tube monitoring system are studied. The different gas analysis instruments of beam tube monitoring system are analyzed respectively. The technical characteristics of underground sensor type, ground chromatograph type, ground infrared analyzer and chromatograph type and underground chromatographic type analyzer are discussed, and their advantages and existences are analyzed. In view of the problems, it is pointed out that the beam tube monitoring system should be based on the general technical development trend of practical system, simple application and convenient maintenance.