Abstract: In order to reduce the possibility of miners suffering from pneumoconiosis, the miners in a coalmine in Inner Mongolia were selected as a research object. The miners were surveyed on occupational diseases and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of dust control. Measures such as issuing leaflets, conducting lectures and knowledge contests were taken to intervene in the knowledge, belief and practice mode of miners’ dust control. The data analysis before and after the intervention showed that the miners’ awareness of occupational diseases and dust control knowledge was increased by more than 10%, the attitude and behavior of miners’ dust control have improved significantly. Studies have shown that taking targeted measures to intervene in the knowledge, belief and practice mode of miners’ dust control can effectively improve the miners’ self-protection awareness.