Abstract: Elastic wave advanced detection technology has been widely used in the field of tunnel and underground engineering fields, while the field of coal geology is less studied. In order to accurately detect the geological structure in front of driving roadway, this paper uses DTC-150 advanced detection system and the method of elastic wave reflection to predict the advance geological condition of air roadway of 1702 working face in Guhanshan Coal Mine. The research results show that based on the migration profile, the interpretation accuracy of seismic wave advance detection can be greatly improved by comprehensively using the characteristic elastic parameters of coal and rock, such as P and S wave velocity, rock density, P and S wave velocity ratio, Poisson’s ratio, quality factor, shear modulus, etc. It is successfully predicted that there is a coal seam fracture zone within 65 m to 74 m from the front of the driving roadway, and there are faults at 136 m to 138 m in front of the driving roadway which is verified with the field drilling.