Abstract: Aiming at the problems of roadway deformation and support difficulty under the influence of lateral mining, taking 22304 return air roadway of Bulianta Coal Mine as the research background, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method, the distribution law of surrounding rock stress is obtained, and the relationship among different positions of surrounding rock, main stress difference and plastic area is analyzed from multi-dimensional perspective, and the failure mechanism of surrounding rock is obtained, and the control effect of surrounding rock reinforcement is further analyzed. The results show that the stress distribution of the surrounding rock in the side entry of the goaf shows a certain regularity in space, the main stress changes a lot in the rear of the working face, and the main stress difference is stable about 300 m behind the coal wall; the main stress difference has a positive correlation with the size of the plastic area; the main stress size and direction change of the surrounding rock behind the working face lead to the asymmetric distribution characteristics of the plastic area; then, the key parts of the reinforcement support are determined. Through analysis, the reinforcement scheme is highly targeted and can achieve the purpose of synergistic control of the two sides and the roof to ensure the stability of surrounding rocks.