Abstract: China’s legislation on coal mine safety has gone through three different periods, ancient, modern and after the founding of new China, each of which has formed a legal system on coal mine safety. At present, China has established a complete system of coal mine safety regulations and a complete basic system of coal mine safety. However, for coal mine safety regulation system in our country, there are still some problems: some laws and regulations with outdated contents, the absence of market urgently needed standards, the failure of timely refinement and implementation of the Production Safety Law, the unclear orientation of coal mine safety supervision and supervision responsibility, the contradiction and conflict between laws and regulations, and the light legal responsibility of enterprises. In view of the new characteristics and requirements of comprehensively governing the country by law in the new era, China’s coal mine safety laws and regulations should adhere to the basic development ideas, such as putting people first, ensuring the safety of miners’ lives as the core, speeding up the legislation, reform, abolishment and interpretation, and strengthening the legal responsibility of enterprises.