Abstract: In order to improve the intervention effectiveness of coal mine dust prevention intervention measures and reduce the risk of pneumoconiosis among miners, miners of a coal mine in Gansu were taken as the research object. By changing the “variable” factors and the quantitative evaluation of dust prevention knowledge, behaviors and attitudes of miners after intervention, we research and analyze the impact of intervention mode, intervention time, and characteristic factors on the effectiveness of intervention. It was found that the effectiveness of the TTM-guided intervention program was increased by more than 12% compared with the conventional program. The intervention interval time is too long, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the intervention; the intervention effects of miners at different ages, working ages, and education levels also vary. Research shows that in the intervention process of miner dust prevention and control, an intervention scheme that combines “variable” factors with the characteristics of the miner’s own characteristics has better intervention effectiveness.