Abstract: Affected by the factors of coal mining technology, working face air flow, goaf gas, gas physical characteristics and other factors, the gas distribution in different areas of the working face is not the same. In order to accurately grasp the gas distribution characteristics of fully mechanized caving face under different production conditions, the element method and Matlab numerical software are used to construct and analyze the three-dimensional gas distribution map of each measuring unit through the division of measurement units to study the gas distribution characteristics of the whole working face. The field application results show that: under different production conditions, along the direction from the coal wall to the goaf, the gas distribution of each measuring unit on the whole ventilation section presents a “U” shape change law along the direction from the coal wall to the goaf, and from the upper side of the intake roadway to the lower side of the return air roadway, the gas volume fraction of the working face increases gradually along the direction from the air inlet to the return air roadway.