Abstract: During the production of open pit coal mine, coal seams with different natural index values of coal quality are often mined at the same time. In view of this phenomenon, the market competitiveness of enterprises can be improved through the balance of coal quality, so as to obtain greater economic benefits. Through the analysis of the natural index of coal quality, aiming at the ore whose coal sales purpose is determined or not determined, combined with the actual sales plan, the weight of each natural index of coal quality is determined by the method of subjectivity and objectivity, and the influence degree of the natural index of coal quality on the coal quality is accurately obtained. Through the improved VIKOR algorithm, the evaluation model of coal production use selection is established, and the optimal coal production use of open pit mine with undetermined coal sales purpose is obtained. The coal quality natural index and the production index of the open pit mine were prioritized, and the constraint equation and objective function were established to obtain the optimal mining range within a certain period of time, so as to ensure the realization of the goal of coal quality balance under the guidance of normal production.