Abstract: In order to study the influence of reverse fault on coal pore structure and gas adsorption and desorption characteristics, taking 1503 mining face of Xinchun Mine in Guizhou as the research object, the coal samples at different distances from the reverse fault are selected to carry out scanning electron microscope test and low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption test respectively. It is concluded that the closer the coal is to the reverse fault, the more seriously affected by the reverse fault structure, and the higher the pore volume and specific surface area of coal samples, in the region of relative pressure 0.4-0.5, there is a slight inflection point in the low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption regression curve, indicating that there are abundant ink bottle holes in the coal sample; by studying the gas adsorption interpretation law of coal at different distances from the reverse fault, it is concluded that the gas desorption capacity increases with the increase of equilibrium pressure. Under the same desorption equilibrium pressure, the stronger the coal structure closest to the reverse fault is transformed, the stronger the gas adsorption performance is, the greater the gas adsorption capacity and adsorption rate are, and the stronger the desorption capacity is.