Abstract: In order to study the risk decision-making tendency of miners, control the occurrence of human accidents, reduce the incidence of coal mine accidents, and ensure the safety of life and property in the coal mine, the dual Iowa Game Task（ＩＧＴ） experiment combined with questionnaire was adopted to invite miners from a coal mine in Gaoping as participants for empirical research. The data obtained in the study were analyzed and processed by software such as SPSS 25.0, GraphPad Prism 5.0 and Excel 19.0. The results showed that the participants’ risk tendency was not obvious in the “highlight reward” test, while in the “highlight punishment” test, participants’ risk tendency was more risky in the condition of high penalty, and more conservative in the condition of low penalty. Mixed measure analysis of variance（ＡＮＯＶ） on the net scores of the five modules in the experiment showed that participants tended to make more conservative risk decisions under the “highlight penalty” condition, while participants tended to make more risky risk decisions under the “highlight reward” condition. In the “highlight reward” condition, net score was significantly correlated with risk preference and positive emotional margin, while in the “highlight punishment” condition, net score was significantly correlated with trait self-control, but had no correlation or weak correlation with other variables.