Abstract: The working face 1303 passing through the gob was studied by means of field investigation, laboratory test, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, taking the engineering geological conditions of 1303 working face in the north wing of a mine in Datong, Shanxi Province as the background. The results show that the influence range of the leading bearing stress of the coal wall in the working face is 39.2 m, and that of the side bearing stress of the tunnel is 9.6 m. When the width of the coal pillar L is less than 48.8 m, the bearing stress begins to overlap; when the width of the coal pillar L is reduced from 50 m to 10 m, the peak stress keeps increasing continuously, and when the width of the coal pillar is 10 m, the peak stress is the largest, which is the critical bending stress width of coal pillar; when the width of coal pillar is less than 10 m, the critical yield state of coal pillar changes from full yield state to full yield state, and the peak stress shifts to the outer side of the goaf, so it is necessary to take additional measures to prevent the occurrence of coal rock dynamic disaster.