Abstract: In order to effectively control the frequency and probability of the unsafe state of miners, this paper used qualitative research method of grounded theory to analyze 46 related documents and establishes 32 open codes, 11 axial codes, 3 selective codes. We use part of the open codes to establish an index system, and a questionnaire is issued, and safety experts are invited to score the three-level indicators. We use Matlab R2019a to process the data, determine the weight of factors affecting the unsafe state of miners through factor analysis, and determine the weight of factors affecting the unsafe state of miners. The results show that the unsafe state of miners is affected by three factors: individual factors, organizational management factors and environmental factors, of which individual factors account for the largest weight, and the changes in mental fatigue and muscle fatigue can greatly affect the unsafe state of miners. From this, this paper puts forward the countermeasures of shaping intrinsically safe employees, optimizing corporate organization and management, and creating a good working environment.