Abstract: Coal Mine Fire Prevention and Control Rules is the first comprehensive normative document on coal mine fire prevention and control in China, which requires that coal mine fire prevention and control work should follow the principle of “prevention first, early warning, adjust measures to local conditions and comprehensive treatment”. In order to better carry out the regulations of Coal Mine Fire Prevention and Control Rules, let the employees of coal mine enterprises, coal mines and related units fully and accurately grasp its essence and scientific connotation, and promote the overall technical level of coal mine fire prevention and control in China, this paper introduces the compilation background and principles of Coal Mine Fire Prevention and Control Rules; and emphasis on the basic principle of coal mine fire prevention work, fire prevention system construction and implementation measures, spontaneous combustion monitoring, safety monitoring and control system for sensor layout, water drainage in goaf in the whole process of water management, fire prevention measures of cage hoisting shaft wellhead, underground fire operation, underground diesel oil storage, underground reactive polymer materials, sealing in fire areas, opencast coal mine fire prevention and control. New technical requirements and regulations for fire prevention and control have been supplemented and improved.