Abstract: In order to prevent and control coal mine accidents and improve the unsafe behavior of miners due to the unsafe state of fatigue, a questionnaire was used to investigate the front-line employees of Fenghuangshan and Hongliulin coal mines in Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province, and a structural equation model of fatigue and unsafe behavior was constructed. SPSS25.0 and AMOS24.0 are used to process and analyze the questionnaire data. The results show that, the physical fatigue of miners has a greater direct impact on unsafe behavior than psychological fatigue and the indirect impact of miners’ fatigue on unsafe behaviors through work pressure greater than that of team atmosphere and safety awareness.