Abstract: This paper analyzes the main causes of accidents during wellbore construction and the existing problems of safety monitoring technology, puts forward safety monitoring robot technology for wellbore construction based on negative pressure adsorption, and analyzes the basic functions of safety monitoring robot in detail. The research goal of wellbore construction safety monitoring robot based on negative pressure adsorption is proposed from the robot body structure, walking mechanism, adsorption mechanism, control, communication, intelligent sensing, identification of dangerous sources, identification of explosive detonators, software platform development, etc. The technical device of wellbore construction safety supervision robot based on negative pressure adsorption is designed, the characteristics of the technology are defined.