Abstract: In order to explore the influence of polyoxyethylene surfactant on the wettability of anthracite, Materials Studio software was used to explain the wettability mechanism of surfactant on anthracite by means of molecular simulation and experimental analysis. The improved sedimentation method and spray dust removal experiment were used to compare the adsorption strength of water on coal after adding surfactants and obtain the optimal concentration of surfactants, and obtain the dust removal efficiency. The results show that surfactants are oriented on the surface of anthracite. The oxygen atoms of ethylene oxide of NP-10 and AEO-9 are the active sites for adsorption more easily. Polyoxyethylene surfactants enhance the electrostatic and hydrogen bond between coal and water, and enhance the intermolecular force. In the modified sedimentation method, the surfactant increases the sedimentation rate and hydrophilicity of coal dust, and the optimal concentrations of AEO-9 and NP-10 are 0.4 % and 0.8 %, respectively. The wettability of AEO-9 on coal is higher than that of NP-10. In the spray dust removal experiment, the water supply pressure increases, the water drop rate increases, and the dust removal efficiency increases.