Abstract: The research on the fatigue of front-line employees in coal mines is conducive to the realization of coal mine safety production and is of great significance to reduce unsafe accidents. In order to explore the effect of different shift systems on the fatigue of front-line employees in coal mines, a fatigue assessment model based on EEG signals was constructed by tracking investigation and EEG signal acquisition of 25 employees in different shift systems in Hongliulin Coal Mine. The effects of “three eight-hour shifts” and “four six-hour shifts” on the fatigue of front-line employees in coal mines are analyzed from the characteristics of fatigue. The results show that the shift system based on the “three eight-hour shifts” has a more serious impact on the fatigue of front-line employees. The workload of employees under the “four six-hour shifts” shift system is relatively small, which is more conducive to fatigue recovery and reduces the probability of unsafe accidents. It is suggested that on the premise of reasonable down-hole time required by law, combined with the current situation of coal mine capacity and cost consumption,reasonably formulate the shift system and gradually implement the “four six-hour shifts” shift system. It can not only ensure the physical and mental health of front-line employees, but also match the means of production and productivity to achieve the purpose of coal mine safety production.