Abstract: To study the deformation and failure law of roadway surrounding rock with weak interlayer under dynamic and static loads, taking the deep transportation roadway of Longfeng Coal Mine as the research object, the mechanical deformation characteristics of roadway surrounding rock with weak interlayer under dynamic and static loads is analyzed by using FLAC3D numerical simulation software, and the support optimization scheme is proposed combined with the actual roadway situation on site. The results show that the influence of dynamic load on roadway both sides is greater than that of roadway roof and floor. Compared with the static load, the deformation and failure range of roadway surrounding rock under dynamic load is more sufficient, the weak interlayer is easier to separate from the adjacent rock stratum and a dangerous area with caving risk is formed in the roadway roof. The stability of surrounding rock is obviously improved under the new support measures, which ensures the safe production of the mine.