Abstract: The individual factors of miners are of great significance to promote the safe development of coal mining enterprises and reduce unsafe behaviors. In order to explore the mechanism of miners’ mindfulness level on unsafe behavior, a conceptual model including mindfulness, role overload, role width self-efficacy, and unsafe behavior was constructed. Questionnaires were distributed to the knowledge-based miners of an intelligent demonstration coal mine to collect data, and AMOS was used to establish a structural equation model for empirical research. Research shows that: mindfulness and role width self-efficacy have a negative impact on miners’ unsafe behavior, role overload positively affects unsafe behavior, role width self-efficacy level negatively affects role overload, and mindfulness has a negative impact on unsafe behavior through role width self-efficacy and role overload. Safety behaviors play a partial mediating role; through mindfulness training, miners can improve their self-confidence, relieve work pressure, overcome the negative emotions caused by role overload, participate in operations legally and compliantly, and reduce unsafe behaviors.