Abstract: In order to more accurately predict the development process of coal spontaneous combustion and take effective preventive measures in time, we used a self-developed temperature-programming experimental device, took fresh coal samples from Qingshuiying in Ningxia and Dafosi Coal Mines as the research objects, and obtained the gas volume fraction and gas components produced by two experimental coal samples at different oxidation temperatures, and analyzed the gas variation law of experimental coal samples at low temperature oxidation stage, and determined the characteristic temperatures of the two experimental coal samples. At the same time, three methods of multi-parameter index method, gas growth rate analysis method and Graham coefficient are used to comprehensively analyze and predict the oxidation process of experimental coal samples. The results show that the CO, CO₂, CH₄, C₂H₆, C₂H₄ gases are all positively correlated with temperature during the experiment; CO gas, CO₂ gas, and the second fire coefficient R₂ can be used as the main gas indicators for predicting the spontaneous combustion of the two experimental coal samples; CH₄, C₂H₆, C₂H₄ gases, the first fire coefficient R1 and the third fire coefficient R₃ are used as auxiliary gas indicators; the critical temperature of Qingshuiying coal sample is 60-80 ℃; dry cracking temperature is 110-125 ℃. The critical temperature of Dafosi coal sample is 60-75 ℃; the dry cracking temperature is 80-100 ℃.