Abstract: In order to explore the influence mechanism of miners’ safety literacy on unsafe behavior, perceived behavior control was introduced as a mediating variable and time pressure as a moderating variable. Based on 341 valid sample data from 3 coal mining enterprises, the structural equation model and Bootstrapping method are used to empirically test the relevant hypotheses of the relationship between safety literacy and unsafe behavior. The results show that safety knowledge, safety awareness, safety psychology and safety physiology have a significant negative impact on miners’ intentional unsafe behavior and unintentional unsafe behavior; perceived behavioral control affects intentional and unintentional unsafe behaviors, and it mediates the relationship between safety literacy and intentional unsafe behavior; time pressure has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between safety literacy and perceived behavioral control.