Abstract: In order to clarify the impact of miners’ psychological resilience on safety performance, this paper introduces two mediating variables, self-control and job burnout, and establishes a chain mediation model based on literature research. A total of 320 randomly selected miners were surveyed with Mental Resilience Scale, Self-Control Scale, Occupational Burnout Scale, and Safety Performance Scale, and were tested by SPSS and AMOS software correlation analysis and chain mediation model. In addition, the age of miners was used as a moderator variable to study the effect of psychological resilience of miners of different ages on safety performance. The results show that improving miners’ psychological resilience is helpful to improve safety performance, and effective intervention on miners’ self-control and job burnout can improve safety performance, and miners’ age has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between psychological resilience and safety performance.