Abstract: The spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf has always been the focus of coal mine fire prevention and control work. Mastering the distribution law of coal spontaneous combustion risk area is the key to take prevention and control measures. Based on the latest research results in this field at home and abroad, this paper systematically analyzes the theoretical basis, evolution process and determination conditions of goaf spontaneous combustion hazard area identification by using the methods of literature research and theoretical analysis, and qualitatively summarizes the effectiveness and adaptability of coal spontaneous combustion fire prevention and control technology. Comprehensive analysis suggests that: the chain change and redistribution of stress-strain - porosity - air leakage intensity - gas volume fraction of the mined-out area are the fundamental reasons for the formation of the spontaneous combustion hazard area in the mined-out area, and the determination of the spontaneous combustion hazard area by dynamic parameters is more in line with the field practice; in engineering practice, nitrogen injection and plugging technology have obvious effect on reducing the width of oxidation spontaneous combustion zone.