Abstract: Using the experimental method of the numerical simulation, the influence of loose aquifer on overburden failure laws is studied. The results show that the overburden failure can be divided into tensile deformation zone, the tensile rupture and shear deformation zone and deformation zone. In the process of load transfer of loose aquifer, the load in the top of the bedrock interface is larger, for the reason that the bedrock is thinner and mining overlayer strata is vulnerable to overall bending sinking, which causes the increase of damage height of overburden rock face, face supporting pressure and the upper and lateral fracture distribution range. Face pressure increases significantly compared with no loose aquifer.